Hyperthyroidism overview with homoeopathic approach with case example.

Hyperthyroidism – Overview

Definition:
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones (T3 – Triiodothyronine & T4 – Thyroxine), leading to an accelerated metabolism.

Causes

  1. Graves’ Disease – Autoimmune disorder, most common cause.
  2. Toxic Multinodular Goitre – Overactive thyroid nodules.
  3. Thyroid Adenoma – Benign tumor of the thyroid.
  4. Thyroiditis – Inflammation of the thyroid causing hormone leakage.
  5. Excess Iodine Intake – e.g., from diet or medications (Amiodarone).
  6. Excessive Thyroid Hormone Intake – Overmedication with levothyroxine.

Symptoms

  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Heat intolerance & excessive sweating
  • Palpitations, tachycardia
  • Nervousness, anxiety, irritability
  • Tremors (especially hands)
  • Increased appetite
  • Goitre (swelling of the neck)
  • Bulging eyes (Exophthalmos – seen in Graves’ disease)
  • Insomnia
  • Muscle weakness & fatigue
  • Frequent bowel movements/diarrhea

Complications

  • Thyroid Storm – Severe, life-threatening hyperthyroidism.
  • Heart problems – Atrial fibrillation, heart failure.
  • Osteoporosis – Due to increased bone resorption.

Diagnosis

  • Blood Tests: TSH (low), Free T4 and T3 (high).
  • Thyroid Antibody Test: Graves’ disease.
  • Radioactive Iodine Uptake Scan: Identifies overactive areas.

Treatment

  1. Antithyroid Medications – Methimazole, Propylthiouracil.
  2. Beta-blockers – For symptom control (palpitations, tremors).
  3. Radioactive Iodine Therapy – Destroys overactive thyroid tissue.
  4. Surgery (Thyroidectomy) – For large goitre or cancer suspicion.
  5. Homeopathic Approach (supportive):
    • Iodum – Rapid weight loss despite good appetite.
    • Spongia Tosta – Goitre with dry, barking cough.
    • Natrum Muriaticum – Anxiety, palpitations, emaciation despite good nutrition.
    • Lycopus Virginicus – Palpitations, restlessness, tremors.

Case Example – Hyperthyroidism

Patient Profile:

  • Name: Mrs. A.B.
  • Age: 32 years
  • Gender: Female
  • Occupation: Teacher

Chief Complaints

  • Excessive sweating and heat intolerance for 4 months.
  • Rapid, unexplained weight loss (6 kg in 3 months) despite good appetite.
  • Palpitations and trembling hands, worse during emotional stress.
  • Sleeplessness and anxiety at night.

History of Present Illness

  • Gradual onset of symptoms.
  • Noticed neck swelling 2 months ago.
  • No history of thyroid medications or radiation exposure.

Past History

  • No significant medical history.

Family History

  • Mother has hypothyroidism.

General Examination

  • Pulse: 110/min, irregular.
  • BP: 140/80 mmHg.
  • Temperature: Normal.
  • Neck: Diffuse thyroid enlargement (goitre).
  • Eyes: Mild exophthalmos.
  • Hands: Fine tremors.

Investigations

  • TSH: 0.01 mIU/L (Low).
  • T3 & T4: High.
  • Thyroid Antibodies: Positive (Graves' disease).
  • ECG: Sinus tachycardia.

Homeopathic Prescription

  • Remedy: Iodum 200C
  • Dosage: One dose weekly; Spongia Tosta 30C daily for thyroid swelling.
  • Supportive Care: Stress management, proper diet, avoidance of excess iodine.

Follow-up After 6 Weeks

  • Reduction in palpitations and sweating.
  • Weight stabilized.
  • Tremors reduced significantly.


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